Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 2 No. 02 (2021)

Articles

Modeling and the main stages of spin coating process: A review

https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt203109

Published 2021-08-28

  • Haveen Ahmed Mustafa
    • ,
  • Dler Adil Jameel

Haveen Ahmed Mustafa
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Dler Adil Jameel
Department of General Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract

Spin coating is a technique employed for the deposition of uniform thin films of organic materials in the range of micrometer to nanometer on flat substrates. Typically, a small amount of coating material generally as a liquid is dropped over the substrate center, which is either static or spinning at low speed. The substrate is then rotated at the desired speed and the coating material has been spread by centrifugal force. A device that is used for spin coating is termed a spin coater or just a spinner. The substrate continued to spin and the fluid spins off the boundaries of the substrate until the film is reached the required thickness. The thickness and the characteristics of coated layer (film) are depending on the number of rotations per minute (rpm) and the time of rotation. Therefore, a mathematical model is obtained to clarify the prevalent method controlling thin film fabrication. Viscosity and the concentration of (solution) spin coating material are also affecting the thickness of the substrate. This article reviews spin coating techniques including stages in the coating process such as deposition, spin-up, stable fluid outflow (spin-off), and evaporation. Additionally, the main affecting factors on the film thickness in the coating process are reviewed.

Keywords

Spin-coating, modeling, stages of spin coating, thin film fabrication

PDF

References

  1. J.A. Mera-Córdoba, M.A. Mera-Córdoba, C.A. Córdoba-Barahona, Spin Coating technique for obtaining nanometric thin films in the system La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, Rev. Fac. Ing. 26 (2017) 123. https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v26.n44.2017.5783.
  2. A. Mishra, N. Bhatt, A.K. Bajpai, Nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings for solar panel applications, Elsevier Inc., 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815884-5.00012-0.
  3. D.A. Jameel, Thin Film Deposition Processes, Int. J. Mod. Phys. Appl. 1 (2015) 193–199.
  4. A. Salehi, P. Naderi, F. Boroumand, A. Dunbar, Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices Based On N-Type GaAs and Polymer Composites, 2018. https://doi.org/10.11159/ehst18.116.
  5. P. Kaienburg, B. Klingebiel, T. Kirchartz, Supporting Information for Spin-coated planar Sb 2 S 3 hybrid solar cells reaching 5 % efficiency Additional Figures and Tables, (n.d.) 1–6.
  6. K. Wantana, P. Aniwat, S. Bunlue, T. Alongkot, K. Anusit, K. Pisist, Study of thin film coating technique parameters for low cost organic solar cells fabrication, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) 6626–6632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.177.
  7. A.G. Emslie, F.T. Bonner, L.G. Peck, Flow of a viscous liquid on a rotating disk, J. Appl. Phys. 29 (1958) 858–862. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1723300.
  8. Z. He, M. Ma, X. Lan, F. Chen, K. Wang, H. Deng, Q. Zhang, Q. Fu, Fabrication of a transparent superamphiphobic coating with improved stability, Soft Matter. 7 (2011) 6435–6443. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05574g.
  9. M. Dahnoun, A. Attaf, H. Saidi, A. Yahia, C. Khelifi, Structural, optical and electrical properties of zinc oxide thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating technique, Optik (Stuttg). 134 (2017) 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.01.014.
  10. K.M. Zaidan, H.F. Hussein, R.A. Talib, A.K. Hassan, Synthesis and characterization of (PAni/n-Si)solar cell, Energy Procedia. 6 (2011) 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.05.010.
  11. D.A. Jameel, Electrical performance of organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell devices based on n-type GaAs substrate orientations and a conjugated polymer (PANI), Appl. Phys. A. 127 (2021) 1–10.
  12. D.A. Jameel, J.F. Felix, M. Aziz, N. Al Saqri, D. Taylor, W.M. De Azevedo, E.F. Da Silva Jr, H. Albalawi, H. Alghamdi, F. Al Mashary, M. Henini, High-performance organic/inorganic hybrid heterojunction based on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) substrates and a conjugated polymer, Appl. Surf. Sci. 357 (2015) 2189–2197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.209.
  13. H.A. Mustafa, D.A. Jameel, H.I. Salim, S.M. Ahmed, The Effects Of N-GaAs Substrate Orientations on The Electrical Performance of PANI/N-GaAs Hybrid Solar Cell Devices, Sci. J. Univ. Zakho. 8 (2020) 149–153. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.773.
  14. S.W. Himmah, U. Sa’Adah, A.D. Iswatin, M. Diantoro, A. Hidayat, Z.A.I. Supardi, The Effect of Spin Coating Rotation on the Optoelectronic Properties of PANI/TiO2/FTO-Glass Photoanode, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 515 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/515/1/012084.
  15. M.D. Tyona, A theoritical study on spin coating technique, Adv. Mater. Res. 2 (2013) 195–208. https://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2013.2.4.195.
  16. S.L. Hellstrom, Published course work for physics 210, (2007).
  17. D.B. Mitzi, L.L. Kosbar, C.E. Murray, M. Copel, A. Afzali, High-mobility ultrathin semiconducting films prepared by spin coating, Nature. 428 (2004) 299–303. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02389.
  18. D.A.H. Hanaor, G. Triani, C.C. Sorrell, Morphology and photocatalytic activity of highly oriented mixed phase titanium dioxide thin films, Surf. Coatings Technol. 205 (2011) 3658–3664.
  19. T. Peeters, B. V Remoortere, Parameters of the spin coating process, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 12 (2008) 234–239.
  20. G. Demircan, E.F. Gurses, A. Acikgoz, S. Yalcin, B. Aktas, Effects of spin coating parameters on stress, electrical and optical properties of multilayer ZnO thin film prepared by sol–gel, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 709 (2020) 61–69.
  21. D. Mao, G. Lv, G. Gao, B. Fan, Fabrication of polyimide films with imaging quality using a spin-coating method for potential optical applications, J. Polym. Eng. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0177.
  22. M. Sbeta, A. Atilgan, A. Atli, A. Yildiz, Influence of the spin acceleration time on the properties of ZnO: Ga thin films deposited by sol–gel method, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 86 (2018) 513–520.
  23. S. B. W., H. N. Narasimha Murthy, M. Krishna, S. C. Sharma, Investigation of Influence of Spin Coating Parameters on the Morphology of ZnO Thin Films by Taguchi Method, Int. J. Thin Film. Sci. Technol. 2 (2013) 143–154. https://doi.org/10.12785/ijtfst/020210.
  24. N. Sahu, B. Parija, S. Panigrahi, Fundamental understanding and modeling of spin coating process: A review, Indian J. Phys. 83 (2009) 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-009-0009-z.
  25. A. Boudrioua, M. Chakaroun, A. Fischer, Organic Light-emitting Diodes, Org. Lasers. (2017) 49–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78548-158-1.50002-X

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...