Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)

Standard Journal Issues

Urban Injection in Historic Centers: Space Syntax Approach

Published 2026-03-11

  • Hawraa Oleiwi Shakeer
    • ,
  • Sabeeh Lafta Farhan

Hawraa Oleiwi Shakeer
Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wasit, Iraq

Sabeeh Lafta Farhan
Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wasit, Iraq , College of Engineering, University of Warith AL-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analytical-applied framework for the revitalization of historic urban centers through the application of an urban injection strategy guided by the results of spatial structure analysis. The historic Rusafa district of Baghdad serves as a case study. Field surveys, digital maps, and Depth map X analysis were employed to measure indices of integration, clarity, intensity, and selection. This allowed for the identification of areas with high structural coherence, visually prominent axes, and centers of urban activity. The results reveal a dual urban structure within the historic core. This structure is characterized by highly integrated and spatially dominant main axes, such as Al Khulafa Street and Al-Khilani Square, contrasted with secondary streets and pathways suffering from weak coherence and functional performance, particularly sections of Al Rashid Street. Activity is clearly concentrated along the Al-Rashid-Al-Khulafa axis. Based on this diagnosis, the study proposes the Urban Injection strategy as a precise intervention approach. It draws inspiration from therapeutic and aesthetic intervention patterns in the medical field (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, cosmetic, preventative, and spiritual injections) and repurposes them within the field of architecture and urban planning, adapting them to the spatial functioning of the historic fabric. This approach allows for targeted interventions that revitalize urban areas while preserving heritage values. It provides planners and decision-makers with an evidence-based and replicable tool that supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and Goal 13 (Climate Action). The study is constrained by limited socio-economic data and restricted access to parts of the study area. Moreover, the analysis focuses mainly on spatial structure, with limited consideration of social and environmental variables. Future research should incorporate behavioral and environmental indicators to broaden the framework’s analytical scope.

Keywords

Revitalization, Urban Injection Strategy, Depth map x, Historic Centers, Al-Rusafa Center, Baghdad

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